You bet there is. Fiber optics, first made practical by British physicist Harold Hopkins in 1952, gradually overtook electronic cable as the technology was improved by more precisely tunable lasers and higher-quality fiber. Today, it is the go-to tech for communications — at least until FSO communication becomes more efficient and effective. Take, for example, Wall Street’s emerging breed of high-speed traders who leverage the power of quantitative analysis, the speed of premium broadband and a multiplicity of microtransactions to pile up earnings one fractional penny at a time. When that wasn’t fast enough, others groups, like McKay Brothers and Tradeworx, cast fiber optics aside in favor of microwaves beamed through the air. In the security sphere, lasers and other optical communications systems offer more secure communications — and the means to eavesdrop on them. Unfortunately, lasers have also been used to intercept and spoof such signals in a non-quantum way, thereby circumventing detection. In fact, the main drawbacks to laser communications within the atmosphere have to do with interference by rain, fog or pollutants, but given the technology’s advantages, these issues are unlikely to stop the forward progress of the technology.

How expensive is new equipment or software, or both, and how does that fit your budget? What’s your proposed process for going paperless and your time frame? How will you inform staff and get them to buy into the process so they accept the changes you want and don’t slide back into heavy paper use? How much help do you need from outside? Based on recommendations from experts and companies who have gone through the process, here are some basic steps for the transition process. Commit to going to a paperless office, and convince staff to go along with it by explaining the advantages for each of them individually, and as a group, and involving them in the process. Check your existing computer hardware to make sure it’s robust enough to handle added applications and file storage. Make sure you have a reliable backup system for all the files you will be adding. Analyze what you need and plan to accomplish.

Monet remained in Honfleur after Bazille returned to Paris. In the fall, Monet painted two versions of the volatile play of light and shadow on the village street in the lowering autumnal sun. Monet’s ambitious plan to paint a landscape with figures in contemporary dress enjoying a picnic in a beech wood was far too large to be painted outdoors. He prepared a series of plein air studies to ensure an honest and immediate response to the natural setting and completed the work in his studio. The end result was daring, using the grand scale of history painting to present a scene of modern life bathed in natural light. Determined to paint outdoors on a grand scale, Monet dug a trench and used a pulley to raise and lower this huge canvas of four women in a sun-drenched garden. With the light dappling patterns on the women’s fashionable gowns, the work expressed an urbane spirit, prompting French journalist Emile Zola to declare Monet had an exacting eye for contemporary life.

Because the amount of gases produced by plasma plants is relatively small when compared to coal or oil-fired power plants, the power generators in plasma plants are smaller and less efficient (larger generators require much more gas). Coal and oil power plants use the same processes as plasma plants to treat gases and generate power. By connecting a line from a plasma gasification furnace to a coal or oil furnace, you eliminate the need for a plasma plant’s gas treatment equipment, which make up approximately 50 percent of the overall cost of building a plasma waste treatment facility. The gases from the plasma furnace would combine with the gases in the coal or oil furnace. The relatively clean gases from the plasma furnace would help boost efficiency and reduce the amount of coal or oil needed to generate power. The intense heat from plasma torches can completely neutralize the hazardous components found in diseased livestock or contaminated soil. Engineers could transport modular, portable plasma facilities to dispose of animal carcasses or treat soil on site. Incineration of such hazardous material doesn’t always destroy all the contaminates, or produces ash that is also hazardous waste. Plasma gasification would destroy or render inert any harmful material. To learn more about plasma waste converters, check out the links on the next page. Circeo, Louis, Ph.d. Personal interview. Circeo, Louis, Ph.d. “The Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste as a Source of Renewable Energy Using Plasma Arc Technology”. Presentation to the Renewable Energy Roundtable, Saint Petersburg Meeting of Nobel Prize Winners, Russian Academy of Sciences. Circeo, Louis. “Plasma Processing of MSW at Fossil Fuel Power Plants”. Georgia Tech Research Institute. Environmental Energy Resources, Ltd. Los Angeles County Solid Waste Management Committee. Conversion Technology Evaluation Services Project. Hillestad, Hilburn, Ph.d., Baila, Crinu and Haynes, Bill. CMPS&F Environment Australia. Appropriate Technologies for the Treatment of Scheduled Wastes.

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